Critical raw materials (CRMs) or critical minerals are essential elements for energy infrastructure enabling transition to a low carbon economy. They are also indispensable inputs for a wide range of strategic sectors, including renewable energy, the digital industry, the health sector, the space and defence sectors. Access to critical minerals is thus a key to EU’s green economy ambitions. EU’s efforts are focused on securing critical raw materials’ supplies on global markets, while ensuring that they meet the EU’s high sustainability standards. EU’s strategic partnerships with third countries, including Australia, are aimed at diversifying sources of critical minerals’ supply with a view to integrate the EU’s raw materials value chains with those of resource-rich third countries. In addition, its approaches to critical minerals illustrate broader emerging trends concerning security and sustainability of CRM supply chains in international economic law and governance. Against this background, the Centre of Excellence is particularly focused on three themes, which are relevant for EU-Australia cooperation in the broader global supply landscape concerning critical minerals: